Arithmetic Progression

A sequence is called an arithmetic progression of the first order if the differences of the successive terms are constant. It is called an arithmetic progression of the second order if the differences of the successive terms form an arithmetic progression of the first order.

In general, for k ≥ 2, a sequence is called an arithmetic progression of the k-th order if the differences of the successive terms form an arithmetic progression of the (k-1)-th order.

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Marx’s Theory of Alienation

Capitalist alienation is a Marxist notion that refers to individuals' estrangement or separation from their work, the output of their labour, and each other within the capitalist mode of production. This phenomena arises from capitalism's fundamental contradictions, which result in a system in which labour is commodified and employees are reduced to mere appendages of the means of production. Capitalist alienation happens when labour is converted into a commodity that can be bought and sold on the market just like any other commodity. As a result, the labour of the worker is separated from the product, and the worker is alienated from the outcome of their labour. Furthermore, workers are cut off from their own creative potential because their job is dictated by the necessities of the capitalist system rather than their own aspirations and interests. "The alienation of man thus appeared as the fundamental evil of capitalist society.” ― Karl Marx , Selected Writings in...

On "Why I am an Atheist", an essay by Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh wrote "Why I Am An Atheist" in 1930 while he was a prisoner in the Lahore Central Jail. "The People", a weekly publication by Lala Lajpat Rai, published this book in 1931. To be clear, this is a 24-page essay rather than a book. This essay opens with a question whether vanity was the cause of Bhagat Singh’s atheism. Obviously, so many people had blamed him of being an atheist and he responded to this accusation clearly through this essay. He claimed that neither arrogance nor vanity prevented him from keeping his belief. He rejects the existence of the omnipotent supreme entity; vanity is not the cause of his denial. Bhagat Singh has been atheist since he was a young, ordinary man. He comes from a pretty religious household. He used to spend hours reciting the Gayatri Mantra in class, in fact. But ultimately he started questioning his belief, and he began to think on disbelief. When he joined the revolutionary party and when he came to know his comrade...

Why can't I be a Trotskyist? My Disagreements with Trotsky

Ev en after Leon Trotsky and his theories passed away, a tiny minority still exists within the far-left society. These folks have been around since the beginning of the Russian Revolution and are referred to as "Trotskyists." Leon Trotsky at his desk, 1919 These Trotskyists are the misinterpretations of Marxism's devoted supporters. They make an effort to undermine Marxist-Leninism by presenting a defective theory of revolution. Even anti-Communists are spreading the notion that "The Soviet Union Would Have Survived If Trotsky Took Power." That is a wholly bogus narrative. So let's talk about why the "Permanent Revolution" thesis is so incorrect. And what is said about Marxism by this theory? TWO-STAGE THEORY OF REVOLUTION A complex theory that cannot be succinctly articulated in a few phrases, Permanent Revolution can mislead people's perceptions of what Trotsky was actually supporting. The theory behind "Two-Stage Theory," or sta...

A Pen for Liberation

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